"Deforestation"
WHAT IS DEFORESTATION?.
Millions of hectares of forest are cleared for their timber, and for urban development and agriculture. Rainforest, the oldest ecosystem of the Earth, house about half of the fauna and flora of the world Its importance, which is well known, includes as a source of food, medicine and biological products. The forest also serve as water catchment areas and help regulates the global climate
What are the Causes of Deforestation?
The destruction of the forests is occurring due to various reasons, one of the main reasons being the short term economic benefits. Given below are some more common causes of deforestation:
Used for Urban and Construction Purposes: The cutting down of trees for lumber that is used for building materials, furniture, and paper products. Forests are also cleared in order to accommodate expanding urban areas.
To Grow Crops: Forests are also cut down in order to clear land for growing crops.
To Create Grazing Land: Forests are cut down in order create land for grazing cattle.
Used for Fuel: Trees are cut down in developing countries to be used as firewood or turned into charcoal, which are used for cooking and heating purposes.
Some of the other causes of deforestation are: clearing forests for oil and mining exploitation; to make highways and roads; slash and burn farming techniques; wildfires; and acid rain.
What are the Effects of Deforestation?
There are a number of adverse effects of deforestation, such as:
Soil erosion, landslides and flash floods
When forest areas are cleared, it results in exposing the soil to the sun, making it very dry and eventually, infertile, due to volatile nutrients such as nitrogen being lost. In addition, when there is rainfall, it washes away the rest of the nutrients, which flow with the rainwater into waterways. Because of this, merely replanting trees may not help in solving the problems caused by deforestation, for by the time the trees mature, the soil will be totally devoid of essential nutrients. Ultimately, cultivation in this land will also become impossible, resulting in the land becoming useless. Large tracts of land will be rendered permanently impoverished due to soil erosion. A land deforested and bare is exposed to the heavy rainfall, the rainfall softens and washes away the top layer of soil and causes soil erosion. The top layer crumbles and causes landslides on steep hillsides. The eroded soil is transported by water and deposited at the bottom of rivers. Prolonged silting in the rivers blocks water flow. The water then flows inland and causes flash floods.
Global warming and greenhouse effect
We well have known that global warming is being caused largely due to emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite as well is that deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere because trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt.Deforestation disturb the normal weather patterns and cause climatic changes.Large scale removal of trees reduces rainfall and transpiration. They slow down the uptake of carbon dioxide by plants through photosynthesis. The increase in the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere prevents heat from escaping. This leads to global warming and greenhouse effect.
Extinction of organisms
Deforestation cause the loss of habitats for many species of organisms. The loss leads to the increased rate of the extinction of flora and fauna and the loss biodiversity and valuable medicines to mankind.
Disruption of the Water Cycle
Trees contribute in a large way in maintaining the water cycle. They draw up water via their root, which is then released into the atmosphere. A large part of the water that circulates in the ecosystem of rainforests, for instance, remains inside the plants. When these trees are cut down it results in the climate getting drier in that area. One of the vital functions of forests is to absorb and store great amounts of water quickly when there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area.
How to reduce deforestation?
1. Teach others about the importance of the environment and how they can help save rainforests.
2. Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cut down.
3. Encourage people to live in a way that doesn't hurt the environment.
4. Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife.
5. Support companies that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment.